b'Within these workshops, participants are challenged to design the optimised catchment with-out constraints to achieve a range of targets in relation to the aforementioned soil functions, for example, to improve water quality in line with Water Framework Directive targets or to increase dairy production by 50%. Overall, the development of an optimal catchment management scenario is achieved with a high degree of consensus with similar suites of land use change and management options proposed. The second workshop challenge is to consider the existing policy instruments, or gaps in policies that would be necessary for the optimised catchment to become a reality at field and farm level.A larger degree of divergence typically occurs at this phase of the workshop emphasising the think-do gap (OSullivan et al. 2018). However, a general conclusion is that targeting policies towards soil optimisation is appropriate. A mix of hard mapping approaches to softapproaches around education and knowledge transfer have been considered with increased knowledge transfer cited as essential. The adoption and modification of existing policy tools is generally preferred over the development of new policy instruments. Functional Land Management Workshops groups conducting the Catchment Challenge.95'